Dansk Folkeparti (Danish People’s Party)
The Danish People’s Party was founded in October 1995, after Pia Kjærsgaard and Kristian Dahl resigned from the Progress Party. In June 1996, the right-wing populist party held its first national convention where Pia Kjærsgaard was decisively chosen as the party’s chairwoman until 2012 when she passed the leadership on to Kristian Dahl. The Progress Party’s “anarchistic circumstances” and its “all or nothing” principles prompted the formation of the DF.
Britain First
Britain First describes itself as “a patriotic political party and street movement” and “a patriotic resistance and ‘frontline’ for our long-suffering people”. The political party was founded in 2011 by Jim Dowson, a former Calvinist minister and a Scottish Christian fundamentalist. Currently, the party is led by former BNP councillor, Paul Golding.
Alternative für Deutschland, AfD (Alternative for Germany)
The Alternative for Germany (AfD) is a right-wing populist political party in Germany, founded in 2013 as an anti-Euro party. It later shifted its focus to issues such as immigration, Islam, and national identity. The AfD emerged as a strong proponent of stricter immigration controls, emphasising the preservation of German culture and identity.
English Defence League (EDL)
The English Defence League (EDL) is a far-right, anti-Muslim social organisation and a pressure group in the United Kingdom. The EDL uses street protests as its primary technique to combat Islamist extremism, although its language and actions target Islam and Muslims more broadly. The EDL’s main focus was on organizing protests, holding an average of ten to fifteen demonstrations each year, bringing masses ranging from 100 to 3000 people.
Génération Identitaire (GI)
Génération Identitaire (GI) is a French far-right identity political movement that was founded in September 2012 and is mostly active in France. The movement’s ideology is ultra-nationalist white supremacism with a main focus on anti-Muslim rhetoric, despite not identifying itself as such. GI is an outgrowth of Radical Unity, which was disbanded in August 2002 when one of its militants attempted to assassinate former president Jacques Chirac.
Religious Zionist Party (הציונות הדתית)
“National Union - Tkuma” is an Orthodox Jewish, far-right political party in Israel established in 1998, when Hanan Porat and Zvi Hendel left the National Religious Party. The Religious Zionist Party contains a reincarnation of the Kahanist movement, a Jewish extreme group designated as a terrorist group for inciting violence against Arabs.
Jewish Defense League
The formation of the Jewish Defense League (JDL) goes back to 1968 when extremist Jewish Rabbi Meir Kahane was serving as the Associate Editor of the Jewish Press - an American weekly newspaper based in Brooklyn, New York.
Hilltop Youth
The formation of Hilltop Youth (HY) Movement dates back to 1998, when Ariel Sharon, former Prime Minister of Israel, urged settlers to “grab the hilltops”, saying: “Everything that’s grabbed will be in our hands. Everything we don’t grab will be in their hands.”